Australian researchers studying zebrafish have made one of the most significant discoveries of stem cell research. They discovered how the key types of stem cells are in the mysteries of the blood and bone marrow, and the necessary supplements to the body's blood supply and immune cell formation. Cells, so-called hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), have been widely used in blood cancers for transplant patients, such as leukemia and myeloma. But hematopoietic stem cells have the potential to significantly treat a wider range of conditions because they appear to be able to form a variety of important cells, including muscles, blood vessels, and bones.
The problem is that scientists do not know how hematopoietic stem cells are formed, they grow up in a laboratory and use them to treat spinal cord injuries, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases are not possible. However, from the Australian Institute of Regenerative Medicine Victorian Monash University, a leading research group, Professor Peter Curry discovered an important part of the development of hematopoietic stem cells. To understand how hematopoietic stem cells self-renew, supplementing blood cells is considered a sacred advance for stem cell research.
Using high resolution microscopy, Currie's research team photographed hematopoietic stem cells as they form in the interior of zebrafish embryos. "This is a sad fact that people are basically just genetic fish. Our genome is almost the same," said Curry. “The zebrafish do hematopoietic stem cells in exactly the same way as humans do, but what's special about these people is that their embryos and larvae are living freely in development, not in the uterus, because they are in humans. Not only these The larvae swim freely, but they are also transparent, so we can see every cell composition in the body, including hematopoietic stem cells." The researchers initially studied the mutant muscles of the zebrafish. But when playing the video, they noticed that there were several normal muscles lacking zebrafish hematopoietic stem cells.
They saw that prehematopoietic stem cells needed a "partner" cell, called an endotome cell, to transform into a hematopoietic stem cell. "Endotome cells are like a comfortable sofa in front of the hematopoietic stem cells, which help them progress and become fully mature stem cells," said Currie. We not only identified some cells and signals needed for the formation of hematopoietic stem cells, we also named the genes required for endotome formation in the first place.
"I'm not a hematopoietic stem cell biologist. I'm a muscle cell biologist, so this was a fortuitous discovery because these helper cells were made of muscle stem cells next to them and we conducted a preliminary study." He said the researchers It is now possible to focus on finding the signal responsible for the formation of HSCs in embryonic endotome cells. Then we can use them in the lab to make different blood cell needs for various blood-related diseases," he said.
If they can do this, but also will be corrected, and the possibility of transplanting genetic defects in cells back to the body, he said. At the Canadian College of Medicine's Gavin College, Dr. Georgina Howe said that the work highlights the key role of hematopoietic stem cell formation in the body's molecular processes. "We now know that these migratory cells are essential for the formation of hematopoietic stem cells, and we have also described some of the molecular processes involved," Cowell said. "This information is not a complete solution to create them in the lab, but it will certainly help. It is difficult to say how close we are, but we have already found an important step in this process."
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