Contacting a copper mine is a metamorphic alteration of the primary sulfide copper deposit, associated gold, silver and other rare metals, improve the recovery rate is an important measure enterprise comprehensive utilization of mineral resources, but also an important way to increase economic efficiency [1-3]. After years of exploitation of the original open pit mine closed, it is now completely transferred to underground mining. Ore body located in the lower copper ore containing copper pyrrhotite type serpentine, talc, hard metal ore selection. The semi-industrial test indicators for 12 consecutive driving classes are only copper concentrate grade 16.74%, copper recovery rate 81.23%, sulfur concentrate sulfur grade 27.73%, and recovery rate 63.21%. In this paper, a series of new ore processing experiments on the copper mine were carried out.
First, the nature of the ore
The analysis results of the main chemical components of a copper ore are shown in Table 1. The copper ore is complex in composition. It is observed by x-ray diffraction and microscopic observation. The main metal minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite and magnetite, and a small amount of pyrite, chalcopyrite and ink copper. mine; main gangue minerals garnet, quartz, talc, serpentine, and silica magnesia, part hedenbergite, biotite, calcite, muscovite. In the strong ore mineralization of the ore serpentine and pyrrhotite, there are more bound copper minerals, the copper minerals are coarse, medium, fine, and the particles are extremely unevenly embedded. The copper minerals are closely embedded with the gangue minerals. The pulp of the ore is less buoyant.
The ore is mainly crystalline structure, followed by the metasomatic structure of the solid solution separation structure, and the recrystallized structure, the pressure structure and the internal structure of the grain are locally observed.
Chalcopyrite is often immersed in granules or embedded in cracks or gaps in pyrite, pyrrhotite, magnetite and gangue particles, and is often cut by flaky gangue. The chalcopyrite is closely related to the gangue, and the coarse, medium, fine and micro-polar non-uniform inlays are mainly composed of medium and fine-grained inlays. The ore is a fine-grained polymetallic ore.
Second, mineral processing test research
The mine selection plant adopts the process flow of mixing and flotation and then separating copper and sulfur to obtain each concentrate product. It can be seen from the analysis of semi-industrial tests that the main reason for affecting the selection index is that the raw grinding classification process parameters and flotation conditions cannot meet the current ore dressing requirements of underground ore.
Based on the original process, a small laboratory test is conducted to explore the beneficiation process suitable for the characteristics of this type of ore, in order to obtain a good copper selection index.
(1) Laboratory exploration test of the original process
Exploring the experimental phenomena and the results show that the gangue minerals are easy to float during the test, which has a great influence on the copper concentrate grade and recovery rate, and at the same time reduce the adhesion of various agents on the mineral surface of the flotation, so as to increase the dosage. Big. Therefore, in order to obtain a good copper selection index, it can be considered to achieve a better separation of copper sulfide minerals and gangue minerals. In this experiment, a newly developed flotation agent MC which has a good inhibitory effect on gangue minerals is used to suppress the dispersion of gangue minerals as much as possible, thereby reducing the influence of gangue minerals on the floating copper test, in order to obtain good results. Copper selection index.
(2) Copper-sulfur flotation test
On the basis of not changing the original process, a series of small laboratory tests were conducted to verify whether MC can improve the copper selection index.
1. Grinding fineness test
On the basis of the exploration test, the rough grinding condition test was carried out. The amount of butyl yellow is 50g/t, the amount of copper collector Z-200 is 100g/t, and the amount of pine oil is 50g/t. The effect of grinding fineness on flotation effect is shown in Figure 1. According to the comprehensive evaluation of the test results, it is determined that the grinding fineness is -0.074 mm, accounting for about 80%.
2, rough selection conditions test
Grinding fineness is -0.074mm about 80%, Dinghuang medicinal amount is 50g/t, Z-200 dosage is 100g/t, pine alcohol oil is 60g/t, and new inhibitor MC dosage is used for flotation. The impact is shown in Figure 2.
It can be seen from Fig. 2 that when the amount of MC is higher than 100 g/t, the grade of copper in the Cu coarse concentrate does not change much, and the copper recovery rate is gradually reduced. Considering the selected MC dosage is 100g/t.
3. Mixed flotation condition test
The commonly used collectors for flotation of copper sulfide ore are xanthate, followed by black medicine and esters. The collector ZT selected by the copper ore selection plant is a mixture of butyl xanthate and copper collector Z-200. Receipt [4], so that the strong capture ability of butyl xanthate and the high selectivity of Z-200 organically combine to improve the properties of foam, enhance hardness, reduce viscosity [7] ; selected by the plant The foaming agent is a pine oil.
Therefore, this test still uses the collector ZT (butyl ketone and copper collector Z-200 ratio of 1-2) as the mixed flotation collector of this test, and pine oil as a foaming agent. Combined with the on-site production process, the flow of the mixed flotation test is shown in Figure 3. The effect of the amount of ZT and pine oil on the flotation effect is shown in Figures 4 and 5.
It can be seen from Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 that since the Z-200 has a certain foaming effect, the grade of the copper coarse concentrate is continuously decreased after the amount of the collector is higher than 150 g/t. Considering the grade and recovery rate, the amount of ZT is 150g/t, and the amount of pine oil is 60g/t. In the test, it was found that the copper content in the tailings reached 0.2l%, in order to reduce the copper occupancy rate in the tailings, it is easy to throw the tail, and then a sweeping selection after a sweeping step, the dosage of the agent and one sweeping The same.
4, copper and sulfur separation test [5]
Lime is used in the production of the site as an inhibitor of pyrite in the copper-sulfur separation step. In this test, lime was still used as an inhibitor, and the copper-sulfur separation test flotation condition flow is shown in Fig. 6. Referring to the original on-site process, the addition of lime in the test was divided into two points, and the copper collector used was Z-200. The amount of results is shown in Figures 7 and 8.
It can be seen from Fig. 7 that when the amount of lime is 2500g/t and the amount of Z-200 is 20g/t, the technical index of copper concentrate grade 24.01% and copper recovery rate of crude concentrate is 75.23%. However, the copper content in the sulfur concentrate is 0.43%. In order to reduce the grade of copper in the final sulfur concentrate product, the sweeping process is carried out after the copper-sulfur separation step according to the original process. The agent used is Z-200, and the dosage is 10g. /t.
(3) Closed circuit test study
After conducting various conditions test of the open circuit test, the best conditions for each test were selected, and a small closed-circuit test in the laboratory was carried out on the simulated site. The closed circuit test flow is shown in Figure 9. The results of the closed circuit test are shown in Table 2.
The closed-circuit test results show that the technical index of copper content of 22.78% and recovery rate of 86.80% can be obtained by the flotation process of Figure 9.
The results of the multi-element analysis of the final concentrate chemical in closed circuit are shown in Table 3. The analysis results show that the final concentrate contains few gangue minerals (<10%), which achieves the intended purpose of suppressing copper after the gangue minerals. Therefore, the process flow (including the pharmaceutical system) can be used as the recommended process flow for the copper ore selection process.
Third, the conclusion
(1) Small laboratory tests have shown that the refractory copper sulfide ore is optional and can obtain good screening indicators.
(2) Solving the situation that the ore and gangue minerals in the ore are connected or wrapped, and the gangue minerals are suppressed and dispersed into the slurry in the flotation, which reduces the impact on copper flotation. The new inhibitor MC can effectively inhibit the dispersion of gangue minerals and help to obtain good copper selection indicators.
(3) The use of ethyl xanthate in combination with copper collector Z-200 is effective as a copper flotation collector, which is beneficial to the selective flotation process to ensure the concentrate grade and to obtain higher copper. Recovery rate.
(IV) The new process flow structure recommended in this test is relatively simple, the pharmaceutical system is simple, the dosage is small, and it is easy to industrialize.
references:
[1] Cao Yisheng. China's copper industry progress and prospects [J]. China Metal Bulletin, 2004 (3): 2-3.
[2] Jiang Kaixi, Li Wei. Talking about the current situation of China's copper industry and the development technology of copper resources in the west [J]. Mining and Metallurgy, 2002 (increase): 23-27.
[3] Qian Xin, Zhang Wenbin, Deng Yu. Copper beneficiation [M]. Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press, 1982.
[4] He Xingcheng. Application of new collector to improve copper recovery rate of mixed flotation operation in Daye Iron Mine [C]. WISCO Mining Collection, 207-211.
[5] Ku Jiangang, Zhang Wenbin. Study on the beneficiation process of a copper sulfide ore in southwest China [J]. Chinese Engineering Science. 2005.7 (increase): 166-169.
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