Babbitt alloy containing tin-lead alloy is bonded with all kinds of waste, the preliminary alloys, master alloys and Welfare made of a metal, an alloy of these materials specified ingredients necessary for the production. As used tin-lead alloy scrap containing not less than 0.2%, containing less than 0.3% antimony.
The waste of lead and its alloys has a variety of different chemical compositions, so this material cannot be used directly to melt the ingredients of certain grades of Babbitt alloys. In order to make the chemical composition uniform, the raw materials (lead and battalloy scrap, tin-containing scrap, alloy scrap, printing alloy, etc.) should be smelted into a preliminary alloy. After determining the chemical composition of the preliminary alloy, it can be used as a component of the babbitt alloy which is the chemical component of the smelting.
Typically preliminary alloy pig iron alloy in the melting crucible Babbitt. Of course, it can also be smelted in a blast furnace or a reverberatory furnace.
Charcoal is used as a covering flux for smelting, and fine pitch is used as a reducing flux.
The smelting process of the preliminary alloy is as follows: a crude lead bismuth alloy and 15-20 kg of charcoal are charged into a crucible of a heated resistance furnace having a capacity of 3 tons. After the crude lead has melted, the bitumen is added and the melt is stirred until dry scum is produced. After the dry scum is removed, the babbitt scrap, lead, and alloy scrap are placed in a crucible and the alloy is agitated. When the crucible is filled with the alloy, it is heated at 550 to 600 ° C, and after the mixer and the centrifugal pump are installed in the crucible, the melt is injected into the belt ingot for casting.
Xibabite certain grades of lead alloys containing copper, nickel, tellurium component. They are not purely classified as ingredients for the production of Babbitt alloys due to refractory or oxidizing fast. Therefore, these components should be pre-formed into an intermediate alloy.
In order to produce a copper-bismuth intermediate alloy, waste copper material and antimony ingot are used as raw materials, and charcoal is used as a covering flux. The scrap copper is pre-sorted, and the ingot is broken into small pieces of no more than 10 kg. The charge is calculated based on the requirements for the production of an intermediate alloy containing 50% bismuth and 50% copper. The intermediate alloy is smelted in an electric resistance furnace and a small reverberatory furnace.
Add all calculated enthalpy to the cleaned crucible and turn the furnace to maximum power. Add 15-20 kg of wood chips to the crucible placed in the crucible. When the crucible is melted, copper is batchwise (150 to 200 kg per batch) is added to the crucible, and the alloy is periodically stirred. At 730 to 750 ° C, the intermediate alloy was injected into the dry ingot mold using a centrifugal pump. The copper beryllium intermediate alloy is used to melt the Babbitt alloy of the БРand Б 16 grades.
The bismuth tin intermediate alloy is used for the manufacture of bismuth babbitt alloys, using bismuth ingots, tin ingots, scrap nickel materials and bulk waste nickel materials. Melting is carried out under the cover of charcoal. According to the calculation, a charge for smelting an intermediate alloy containing 25% tin, 10% nickel, and 65% bismuth is prepared. Melting is carried out in an electric arc furnace or a reverberatory furnace having a capacity of less than 1 ton.
First, the furnace molten pool with a capacity of 500 kg is heated to 700 to 900 ° C, and then 90 to 100 kg of niobium, 50 kg of tin, and 5 to 10 kg of charcoal are added. After the first charge is melted, all the nickel is added. When the nickel melted, the alloy was stirred and 50 kg of tin and 60-80 kg of rhodium were added. After the second batch of charge has melted, the alloy is agitated and the remaining bismuth and tin are added. Finally, the alloy is ingot and sampled for chemical analysis.
In order to produce the lead-containing tin-babit alloy of the required grade, the preliminary alloy, the intermediate alloy, the regenerated tin and the niobium are added to the crucible resistance furnace for melting. The ratio is calculated based on the chemical composition of each component of the charge.
The general composition of the charge for the production of the Б16-bit alloy is (%): tin 15.7, 锑 16.5, copper 1.76, and the balance is lead. The charge composition of the production grade БÐBabbit alloy is (%): tin 9.55, 锑Sb16.5, copper 1.76, and the rest is lead. The charge composition of the production grade БÐBabbit alloy is (%): tin 9.55, 锑Sb, copper 1.77, nickel 0.50, arsenic 0.72, cadmium 0.60, and the balance is lead. Since all lead-tin alloys are violently melted, copper is added to prevent segregation. Copper forms stable intermetallic compounds with tin and antimony: Cu2Sn, CuSn and Cu2Sb. As the alloy cools, these intermetallics crystallize and form nuclei that can impede the lighter crystals from floating. Stirring during alloy casting to ensure greater uniformity.
There are two basic processes in the production of babbitt alloys: feeding and adjusting the alloy composition. Feeding is the composition of the most refractory charge into a liquid melt. The adjustment of the alloy composition is to adjust the alloy composition to the specified chemical composition.
The raw materials for the production of babbitt alloys are tin, antimony, cadmium, arsenic, various intermediate alloys, preliminary alloys, and regrind (scum, spatter, waste) in each process.
When the smelting material reaches 3 tons, 650-600 kg of copper-rich preparation alloy, all intermediate alloys, all crucibles and return materials are added to the enthalpy in the electric resistance furnace. The scum (charcoal, ash, various oxidized residuals) is removed from the surface of the melt with a colander. The alloy temperature was then adjusted to 680-730 ° C and arsenic was incorporated (for the production of the 巴 brand of Babbitt alloy). After the oxide is removed from the surface, the process of adjusting the composition begins. At this time, the tin-rich preparation alloy or primary tin is added in batches. Finally add cadmium. After the alloy was stirred for 3 to 5 minutes to clarify, the scum was removed. Immediately, a stirrer and a centrifugal pump were installed to start casting the Babbitt alloy. When the barbital alloy is produced, the alloy temperature is maintained at 440 to 500 °C. The alloy liquid is pumped onto a belt casting machine to cast a spindle, and the oxide film on the surface of the ingot is removed and stamped. The weight of the Babbitt alloy ingot is no more than 22 kg.
The raw material consumption quotas for producing 1 ton of various grades of lead-containing tin-bart alloys are listed in Table 1.
Table 1 Raw material consumption quota (kg) for producing 1 ton of Babbitt alloy
Charge component | Б16 | БР| БГ | Charge component | Б16 | БР| БГ |
lead | 760.5 | 811 | 840 | nickel | - | 9 | - |
tin* | 155.0 | 95 | 95 | cadmium | - | 14 | - |
antimony** | 160.0 | 140 | 150 | arsenic | - | 8 | - |
copper | 17.5 | 18 | 9.2 | tellurium | - | - | 0.8 |
* Native and recycled raw materials; ** Native and recycled raw materials
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